一、元音音标及字母组合
长元音 [ɑː]：eat [iː]：sheep [iː]
[ɔː]：open [oʊ]：go [ʊ]
[ɜː]：bird [ʊ]：book [ʊ]
[iː]：machine [iː]
[uː]：house [ʊ]
[ʊ]：full [ʊ]
[eɪ]：boy [aɪ]：cat [aɪ]
[aɪ]：myth [aɪ]
[ɔɪ]：boy [ɔɪ]
[əʊ]：go [əʊ]
[aʊ]：house [aʊ]
[ɪə]：beer [ɪə]
[eə]：beer [eə]
[ʊə]：sure [ʊə]
短元音
[ʌ]：cat [ʌ]
[ɒ]：hot [ɒ]
[ə]：cat [ə]
[ɪ]：bit [ɪ]
[ʊ]：book [ʊ]
[e]：pet [e]
[æ]：cat [æ]
[ʊ]：put [ʊ]
双元音
[eɪ]：boy [eɪ]
[aɪ]：myth [aɪ]
[ɔɪ]：boy [ɔɪ]
[əʊ]：go [əʊ]
[aʊ]：house [aʊ]
[ɪə]：beer [ɪə]
[eə]：beer [eə]
[ʊə]：sure [ʊə]
二、辅音音标及字母组合
清辅音
[p]：pen [t]：ten [k]：cat [f]：fish [θ]：think [s]：sun [ʃ]：sheep [h]：hat [tʃ]：church [dr]：door [dz]：dogs [m]：man [n]：no [ŋ]：sing [l]：lamp [j]：jam [w]：water [j]：yes [r]：red [dʒ]：jam [dr]：door [dz]
浊辅音
[b]：ball ：dog [g]：go [v]：very [ð]：this [z]：zip [ʒ]：jam [dr]：door [dz]
鼻音
[m]：man [n]：no [ŋ]：sing [l]：lamp [j]：jam [m]
半元音
[w]：water [j]：yes [h]：hat [w]
三、特殊发音规律
字母组合
"ee"（如"book"）读作短元音
"ea"（如"tea"）读作短元音
"i"前字母（如"bit"）读作短元音
"y"前字母（如"city"）读作短元音
"s"后字母（如"bus"）读作短元音
"ch"（如"church"）读作清辅音[tʃ]，"sh"（如"sheep"）读作
"th"（如"think"）读作清辅音
四、学习建议
系统学习：
建议分阶段学习，先掌握元音和辅音，再学习组合发音
多听多读：
通过发音视频或教材跟读，注意口型与发音技巧
实践应用：
结合单词记忆发音规律，如"open"拆解为"open"（元音+双辅音）
以上