that在英语从句中的使用需根据从句类型和功能进行区分,具体规则如下:
一、六大从句中的功能
名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)that仅起连接作用,不充当任何句子成分,且通常可省略。
例如:
主语从句:What he said is true.
宾语从句:I believe that he will come.
表语从句:The problem is that we lack resources.
同位语从句:This is the man whose car was stolen.
定语从句
that可作主语、宾语或表语,且通常可省略。
例如:
主语:The man that called you is my friend.
宾语:I saw the girl that walked by yesterday.
表语:This is the book that I want.
状语从句
that不可引导状语从句,需用其他连词(如when, because, although等)。
二、that在定语从句中作成分的条件
可省略的情况: 当that作宾语时,且从句独立时,可省略。 例如: The letter that arrived yesterday was from my friend. [可省略that] 不可省略的情况 作主语或表语时必须保留; 作介词宾语时必须保留。 三、其他注意事项 并列结构
语义完整性:that本身无实际意义,省略后不影响句意。
通过以上规则,可有效判断that在从句中的成分及省略条件。