英语的八种时态公式如下:
一、一般现在时
肯定句:
主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数加 -s/es/ies)
例:He eats breakfast every day.
否定句:
主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形(第三人称单数用 doesn't)
例:She doesn't watch TV in the evening.
一般疑问句:
助动词 do/does + 主语 + 动词原形
例:Do they play football on weekends?
二、一般过去时
结构:主语 + 动词的过去式(-ed或特殊变化)
例:He visited the museum last weekend.
否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形
例:They didn't finish the task on time.
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形
例:Did she call you last night?
三、现在进行时
结构:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式
例:They are watching a movie right now.
否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + 动词-ing形式
例:He is not (isn't) reading the book.
一般疑问句:Is/Am/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing形式
例:Are you studying for the exam?
四、过去进行时
结构:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式
例:She was painting when the phone rang.
否定句:主语 + was/were not + 动词-ing形式
例:They were not (weren't) waiting for you.
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing形式
例:Was he working when you called?
五、现在完成时
结构:主语 + have/has + 过去分词
例:I have finished my homework already.
否定句:主语 + have/has not + 过去分词
例:They have not (haven't) seen the movie.
完成时与过去分词:过去分词需用主动形式表示被动含义(如have been done)。
六、过去完成时
结构:主语 + had + 过去分词
例:By the time we arrived, the meeting had started.
否定句:主语 + had not + 过去分词
例:He had not (hadn't) finished his task yet.
时间状语:before, by the time of, etc. 。
七、一般将来时
结构:主语 + will + 动词原形
例:They will travel to Japan next year.
否定句:主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形
例:He won't call you again.
缩写形式:主语 + shall + 动词原形(第一人称、第二人称)。
八、过去将来时
结构:主语 + would + 动词原形
例:She would call you when she arrived.
否定句:主语 + would not (wouldn't) + 动词原形
例:They wouldn't accept the offer.
时间状语:in the past, before the event, etc. 。
补充说明
完成进行时(如现在完成进行时):主语 + have/has been + 动词-ing形式
被动语态需借助助动词 be + 过去分词
以上公式综合了不同时态的结构特点,可通过时间状语和动词形式进行区分。