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动词不定式

时间:2025-03-29 16:39:07

动词不定式在英语句子中具有多种功能,可充当除谓语之外的所有句子成分。以下是具体说明及示例:

一、主要成分及用法

主语

动词不定式可作句子主语,通常需借助形式主语 it。例如:

It is important to learn English well.

The problem is to find a solution.

宾语

动词不定式可作及物动词的直接宾语,如:

I want to travel the world.

She decided to call you last night.

*注意:部分动词(如 finish, enjoy)后需接动名词作宾语,而非不定式。

表语

说明主语的性质或状态,例如:

The purpose of learning is to gain knowledge.

The goal of the project is to reduce waste.

定语

修饰名词或代词,如:

The book to read is on the table.

The man who called you is my friend.

状语

表示时间、地点、原因等,例如:

She started to sing when the movie began.

He hopes to finish the task by tomorrow.

*特殊用法:用 in order to引导目的状语,如:*

*He studies hard in order to pass the exam.*

补足语

补充说明宾语或主语,例如:

The task to complete is urgent.

The reason for the delay is unknown.

二、补充说明

逻辑主语:

动词不定式虽无明确主语,但存在隐含的逻辑主语(如 itsomeone等)。- 形式主语:当不定式过长时,可用 it作形式主语,将真正主语后置(如:*It took me half an hour to...*)。- 被动语态:若逻辑主语为动作承受者,需用被动语态(如:*It is necessary to be prepared.*)。- 特殊结构:可构成独立成分(如:*Swimming is my favorite hobby.*)或结果状语(如:*He finished his homework, satisfied.*)。

通过以上分析,可见动词不定式是英语中功能强大的语法成分,需结合具体语境灵活运用。