动词不定式在英语句子中具有多种功能,可充当除谓语之外的所有句子成分。以下是具体说明及示例:
一、主要成分及用法
主语 动词不定式可作句子主语,通常需借助形式主语 it
。例如:
It is important to learn English well.
The problem is to find a solution.
宾语
动词不定式可作及物动词的直接宾语,如:
I want to travel the world.
She decided to call you last night.
*注意:部分动词(如 finish, enjoy)后需接动名词作宾语,而非不定式。
表语
说明主语的性质或状态,例如:
The purpose of learning is to gain knowledge.
The goal of the project is to reduce waste.
定语
修饰名词或代词,如:
The book to read is on the table.
The man who called you is my friend.
状语
表示时间、地点、原因等,例如:
She started to sing when the movie began.
He hopes to finish the task by tomorrow.
*特殊用法:用 in order to引导目的状语,如:*
*He studies hard in order to pass the exam.*
补足语
补充说明宾语或主语,例如:
The task to complete is urgent.
The reason for the delay is unknown.
二、补充说明
逻辑主语: 动词不定式虽无明确主语,但存在隐含的逻辑主语(如 it
通过以上分析,可见动词不定式是英语中功能强大的语法成分,需结合具体语境灵活运用。